However, the information provided by an AWIS is generated from the associated automatic weather station (AWS), which is the same data source used by BoM to create a METAR or SPECI report (Figure6). The aircraft was due at Perth at 0020 WST so in accordance with the operator's fuel policy, fuel was not specifically carried for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome. Subsequent cautions in section 7 stated that: To ensure airman compliance with Federal Aviation Regulations, manufacturers operating manuals should remind airmen to contact ATC controllers, FSS specialists, operator dispatchers, or airline operations control centers for general and mission critical aviation weather information and/or NAS [national airspace system] status conditions (such as NOTAMs, Special Use Airspace status, and other government flight information). Authorities are frustrated after a truck driver reportedly manoeuvred around warning signs only to become caught in floodwaters at Lethebrook forcing a swiftwater rescue mission overnight . Fail operational capability is the minimum capability to conduct Cat IIIB, and some Cat IIIA ILS approaches. Prior to the changes to the AIP and MATS in March 2009, ATC notified pilots receiving an ATC service about all SPECI reports and amendments to forecasts. On 18 June 2013, two Boeing 737 aircraft, VH-YIR operated by Virgin Australia Airlines Pty. Considering days when there is parallel data available in the temperature band of interest (the claimed-record hot day in September 2017 measured 37.7 degrees Celsius) the new probe has been found to measure up to 0.4 degrees hotter (e.g. Readmore. If you are using these pages, you are deemed to have understood the important information in these notes. The chance of a thunderstorm later in the day. Based on the report from the Adelaide tower controller that conditions were not suitable for landing, and that there had been no successful landing attempts, the crew of Velocity1384elected to divert to Mildura, Victoria at 0904. Amended flight planning policy to apply worst case of TAF or TTF forecast conditions. Pilot weather updating requirements have been clarified and enhanced and ACARS [aircraft communications addressing and reporting system] equipment continues to be rolled out across the Virgin fleet. The systems supervisor was completing the final day of a 2day endorsement check for the position, and operating under supervision at the time of the occurrence. The meteorological information obtained from an Aerodrome Weather Information Service (AWIS) is operationally equivalent to that provided in routine (METAR)/special weather (SPECI) reports. In addition, The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System was amended so that controllers were no longer automatically provided with weather for an airport that had an ABS. On the morning of the occurrence, the upper air wind flight at 0300 measured the 2,000 ft wind as being outside the fog formation envelope of the fog forecasting procedures. In response, the en route controller contacted Adelaide Tower to ascertain the current conditions. On board were six crew members and 85 passengers. As such, both aircraft were committed to land in conditions below the landing minima at Mildura Airport. TCZMONTH Page 1. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Qantas 735 departed Sydney, New South Wales at 0727 and had six crew and 146 passengers on board. FIS should not serve as the sole source of aviation weather and other operational information. In this case, the captain of Qantas 735 chose to load additional fuel prior to departure, however this was not in response to a forecast weather condition. Pilot flying (PF) and pilot monitoring (PM) are procedurally assigned roles with specifically assigned duties at specific stages of a flight. Unforecast fog developed at Sydney Airport after the aircraft passed the flight planned last point of safe diversion, which had been based on a diversion to Melbourne. LOW VIS PROCSWND 360/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS 700M IN FOGCLD FEW015TMP 5.QNH 1020, SPECI YPAD 172205Z 01006KT 0500N 2000 FG FEW022 04/04 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: FM2205 01005KT 0500 FGFM2300 05005KT 9999 FEW025, SPECI YPAD 172215Z 02006KT 0250N 0500 FG BKN001 04/04 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: FM2300 05005KT 9999 FEW025, SPECI YPAD 172230Z 04005KT 0150 FG BKN001 06/05 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: FM2300 05005KT 9999 FEW025, METAR YMIA 172230Z 27004KT 9999 BKN034 06/05 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.2, ATIS YPAD X 172230APCH EXP INST APCHRWY 23OPR INFO HIAL ON. They further noted that they would not expect crew to conduct a fuel imbalance check during a fuel low situation, such as the occurrence flight, unless a fuel leak was suspected or identified. https://notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com/2018/02/16/us-big-freeze-is-adjusted-out-of-existence-by-noaa/, https://notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com/2018/02/17/ghcn-are-even-inflating-current-temperatures-in-new-york/, Hyping Daily Maximum Temperatures (Part 1), Happy New Highest Tide for 2023 Sunday 22nd January, Fear, Flooding, Forecasting & Australias 2022 Official Rainfall Statistics, A Note on Obfuscation, the 2022 Climate Report, and my Latest Film. This was on the basis that, given their arrival time, it would not affect the flight. On this basis, the controller did not update the incoming aircraft of this deterioration. The following nonroutine events were examined: The time period for this review was July 2008 to December 2013. The captain reported their recent sleep as normal and that they obtained about 7.5 hours sleep the night prior to the occurrence. The crew of Velocity 1384 reported using the observation reports to confirm their understanding of Milduras suitability as an alternate destination. Conversely, if the aircraft is a distance away (eg one hour) the observation should be viewed with caution. At this stage, the company meteorologist called the BoM to determine their confidence in this clearance and also reviewed other information sources to determine the possible impact of fog on the arrival of Velocity 1384. The FO had recently come off a month of leave and reported their recent sleep as normal. FUEL CONFIGURATION (CONFIG) INDICATION. Decision making can be influenced by such factors as workload and stress (Li, 2011; Harris & Li, 2015). Figure 6: Overview of the Automatic Weather Station outputs and end user products. The FO reported their recent sleep as normal and that they obtained about 7.5 hours sleep the night before the occurrence. Both aircraft had the necessary equipment to conduct at least a CAT II (fail passive) autoland at Adelaide and both flight crews were trained and approved in Cat II/III autoland procedures. After obtaining further information from the crew, ATC initiated an alert phase and at 0958, after contacting the crew again, ATC activated the Mildura Airport emergency procedures. The priority reflects the need to create forecasts and warnings in relation to time critical activities, such as ditching reports and search and rescue activities. In. Forecast issued at 5:30 am EDT on Thursday 19 January 2023. The BoM subsequently advised the ATSB that there was no procedure in place to require a forecaster to request multiple reports of deteriorating weather before amending a forecast. This emphasises the importance of the BoMs ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy of meteorological forecasting. The BoM reported that fog was not included in the 0700 TTF as the surface winds did not support the formation of fog. This included meteorological conditions and the existence of non-routine met products. 1968 Total Observations 10% 20% 30% Calm 3% . In addressing those issues, the ATSB prefers to encourage relevant organisation(s) to proactively initiate safety action, rather than to issue formal safety recommendations or safety advisory notices. That is, conditions that were forecast to be below the alternate minima, were actually observed to be above those minima. Mildura past 24 hours of temperature, wind, humidity and rain with graphs and archived historical data from Farmonline Weather. This information is sourced from the airports AWS and is generally broadcast continuously and updated every minute. BoM observations, together with reports from Adelaide Airport tower controllers placed the fog well to the north of Adelaide Airport. LOW VIS PROCSWND 360/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS 500M IN FOGCLD FEW015TMP 6.QNH 1020, SPECI YPAD 172300Z 04006KT 0150 FG BKN000 06/06 Q1021RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: FM2330 05005KT 9999 FEW025, METAR YMIA 172300Z 23004KT 9999 BKN039 07/06 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.2, TAF YPAD 172302Z 1800/1906VRB05KT 9999 FEW030 SCT045FM181000 VRB05KT CAVOKFM190000 04008KT CAVOKRMKT 11 14 15 11 Q 1020 1020 1020 1021, TAF YMIA 172302Z 1800/181220008KT 9999 SCT030 SCT050RMKT 08 12 13 10 Q 1020 1019 1019 1020, ATIS YPAD Y 172311APCH: EXP INST APCHRWY: 23OPR INFO: HIAL ON. These requests for forecasts and observations ceased when Qantas 735 reached holding waypoint BLACK. The first officer (FO) held a held an Air Transport Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence with a Boeing 737-300 to -900 endorsement and a current Class 1 Aviation Medical Certificate with no restrictions. Safety issues, or system problems, are highlighted in bold to emphasise their importance. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS). The aircraft was certificated for autoland approaches, but the ground equipment was not. On this basis, and the additional information gathered by the meteorologist, flight operations did not pass the 0800TTF to the crew of Velocity 1384. In response, in December 2008, Airservices conducted a Safety Case Assessment and Reporting Determination (SCARD), which was required whenever: changes to service levels, procedures or equipment, which will affect the performance, functional or technical specification of a system or service; and organisational changes affecting safety accountabilities. Overall, given the intent of the supporting systems, the individual actions were predominately reasonable for the information the individuals had at the time. Due to other instrument flight rules traffic, ATC could not issue an immediate clearance for the approach. At this stage, the crew of Qantas 735 were aware of the changes to the TTF and continued to Adelaide on the basis that the fog would clear prior to their arrival. At the time the amended TAF was issued at 0700, Velocity 1384 was at FL 400 in the cruise, about 150 NM (278 km) from Brisbane. As there were no operational requirements due to the forecast weather, the flight departed Perth without fuel for a diversion to an alternate airport after an approach at Sydney. The only section in the AIP that defined hazard alerting procedures stated: A sudden (not forecast NOTAMed) change to a component of FIS having an immediate and detrimental effect on the safety of an aircraft will be communicated by ATC using the prefix Hazard Alert. As a result, the systems supervisor contacted the BoM to advise them of the unexpected deterioration and that the current Mildura TAF did not reflect the severity of the conditions. Figure 4: Location of the fuel quantity indication on the upper display unit (circled in yellow), Figure 5: Fuel quantity display in detail with an explanation of the LOW FUEL, FUEL CONFIGURATION AND FUEL IMBALANCE indications. The Qantas Flight Administration Manual, section 16.5.1, mandated the minimum fuel requirements for all engines operations. That was, the FO was not expecting to necessarily be sent amended weather by flight following personnel. 1h 1d . | Legal. The report on the Review of the Trend Forecast was released for comment on the 29September2015. Only one caller was able to access the AWS via phone at any one time. Weather avoidance assistance was also available from ATC in the US. Perceived conflict information between TAF and TTF as TAF can mention probabilities of 30 and 40 per cent, whereas TTF is a forecast of the most likely outcome over the next three hours. This airport was also affected by unforecast poor weather at the time of their arrival. They need at least to admit that the change has happened and they cannot draw any scientific long term conclusions because of it. The flight crews of Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 reported assessing the Mildura weather prior to diverting from Adelaide Airport. The expression few indicates that up to a quarter of the sky was covered, scattered indicates that cloud was covering between a quarter and a half of the sky, broken indicates that more than half to almost all the sky was covered, while overcast means all the sky was covered. Maritime: notify AMSA via Incident Report Form 18, 300 m TDZ125 m MID or125 m END if MID RVR is not available(that is, sufficient visual reference for a manual landing and verification that the aircraft will land in the TDZ), 175 m TDZ 125 m MID or125 m END if MID not available that is, insufficient visual reference to permit manual landing; however, sufficient to allow the pilot to determine if the aircraft will land in the TDZ, TAF YPAD 171703Z 1718/1824VRB05KT 9999 FEW030 SCT045FM181000 VRB05KT CAVOKRMKT 06 06 11 14 Q 1018 1018 1020 1020, METAR YPAD 171900Z 07004KT 9999 FEW022 05/04 Q1018RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: NOSIG, TAF AMD YMIA 171758Z 1718/181224005KT 9999 SCT030 BKN060BECMG 1718/1720 21006KT 9999 SCT006 SCT030BECMG 1800/1802 18010KT 9999 SCT030 SCT050BECMG 1807/1809 16008KT 9999 SCT040TEMPO 1719/1724 BKN006RMKT 06 05 07 13 Q 1016 1018 1020 1019, METAR YMIA 171900Z AUTO 29005KT 9999 SCT048 06/05 Q1017RMK RF00.0/000.0, METAR YPAD 172000Z 06004KT 9999 FEW022 05/04 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: NOSIG, METAR YMIA 172000Z 26003KT 9999 FEW042 06/05 Q1017RMK RF00.0/000.2, METAR YPAD 172030Z 08005KT 9999 FEW022 05/05 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: NOSIG, METAR YMIA 172030Z 27003KT 9999 FEW038 05/05 Q1017RMK RF00.0/000.2, TAF AMD YPAD 172100Z 1721/182405005KT 9999 FEW025FM180000 VRB05KT 9999 FEW030 SCT045FM181000 VRB05KT CAVOKPROB30 1721/1724 0500 FGRMKT 05 10 14 15 Q 1019 1020 1020 1020, METAR YPAD 172100Z 05004KT 9999 FEW022 05/05 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: NOSIG, METAR YMIA 172100Z 28005KT 9999 FEW042 05/05 Q1018RMK RF00.0/000.2, ATIS YPAD S 172107RWY: 23WND: 050/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS: GREATER THAN 10 KMCLD: FEW022TMP: 5.QNH: 1020, SPECI YPAD 172111Z 06005KT 9999 MIFG FEW022 SCT058 05/05 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: NOSIG, SPECI YPAD 172130Z 06004KT 9999 MIFG FEW022 05/04 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: NOSIG, ATIS YPAD T 172130RWY: 23WND: 050/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS: GREATER THAN 10 KM, REDUCEDTO 4000 M TO THE NORTH IN FOG.CLD: FEW020TMP: 5.QNH: 1020, METAR YMIA 172130Z 27004KT 9999 FEW040 05/05 Q1018RMK RF00.0/000.2, ATIS YPAD U 172156RWY: 23WND: 360/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS: GREATER THAN 10 KM,REDUCED TO 1500 M IN FOG.CLD: FEW015TMP: 5.QNH: 1020, APCH: EXP INST APCHRWY: 23OPR INFO: HIAL ONWND: 360/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS: GREATER THAN 10 KM,REDUCED TO 1500 M IN FOG.CLD: FEW015TMP: 5.QNH: 1020, SPECI YPAD 172200Z 01006KT 1000NW 9999 PRFG MIFG FEW022 05/05 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0TTF: FM2200 01005KT 0500 FGFM2300 05005KT 9999 FEW025, METAR YMIA 172200Z 28005KT 9999 SCT034 05/04 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.2, ATIS YPAD W 172204APCH EXP INST APCHRWY 23OPR INFO HIAL ON. Cloud unexpected significant variations to amount, base or tops (by reference to QNH); Visibility reduced due fog, mist, hail, rain, snow or dust, improvement observed; Wind significant variation to forecast; Other Phenomena incidence of severe or moderate turbulence, thunderstorms, moderate or severe icing, hail, line squalls, standing waves or winds of 40 KT or more within 2,000FT of ground level. The validity time for the actual aerodrome QNH is listed as 15 minutes from the time of receipt. After this occurrence, the MATS was amended to ensure dissemination responsibility for a SPECI was retained by the controller in the event the associated AWIS was not broadcasting (see the section titled Safety issues and actions). At 0950, Velocity 1384 sought an update on the weather from Qantas 735, who stated that the fog had appeared to be getting thicker but was now clearing, although the cloud was still below minima. 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