The .gov means it's official. ), 0-14 years: 18.46% (male 31,374,555/female 30,034,371)15-24 years: 12.91% (male 21,931,368/female 21,006,463)25-54 years: 38.92% (male 64,893,670/female 64,564,565)55-64 years: 12.86% (male 20,690,736/female 22,091,808)65 years and over: 16.85% (male 25,014,147/female 31,037,419) (2020 est. Housing Get information and services to help with finding and keeping a home. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. As a result of the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia, American Indian tribes are considered "domestic dependent nations" that operate as sovereign governments subject to federal authority but, in some cases, outside of the jurisdiction of state governments. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court. [13], The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. )$628.37 billion (31 December 2020 est. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population. There is one delegate each from the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the resident commissioner from Puerto Rico.[5]. Whether this. In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. [41], State governments have the greatest influence over most Americans' daily lives. The Executive He earned his medical degree from Kasturba Medical . The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. An official website of the United States government. Examples: The United States, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany. In a national context, centralization occurs in the transfer of power to a typically unitary sovereign nation state.Executive and/or legislative power is then minimally . Datasets; Software . In the United States, local governments have tradition-ally had the responsibility of governing the local public schools (Tyack 1974). )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 5.95% (2021 est. ), 6.2275 (2015 est. [40][39] Puerto Rico is represented in the Congress by a nonvoting Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Godwin Emefiele, has just returned to the country from the United Kingdom, SaharaReporters has learnt. )imports: 61,448,863,000 kWh (2020 est. )investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est. Slave patrols had three primary functions: (1) to chase down, apprehend, and return to their owners, runaway slaves; (2) to provide a form of organized terror to deter slave revolts; and, (3) to maintain a form of discipline for slave-workers who were subject to summary justice, outside of the law, if they violated any plantation rules. As a result, roughly 117 million metric tons of carbon dioxide are released into the air each year. )imports of goods and services: -15% (2017 est. Congress has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. These municipal entities also vary from state to state, and typically subordinate to the government of a county or civil township. ), 1.3256 (2015 est. The United States Congress, under Article I of the Constitution, is the legislative branch of the federal government. For governments of individual U.S. states, see, Veto power, impeachment, and other issues, Cabinet, executive departments, and agencies, Relationships between state and federal courts. )government consumption: 17.3% (2017 est. The opposite of this system of government is a centralized . For fiscal year (FY) 2018, the federal government spent $4.11trillion. ), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est. )consumption: 857,542,658,000 cubic meters (2021 est. Exercise Obangame Express 2023 (OE23), the largest multinational maritime exercise in Western and Central Africa, will kick off its 12th year with 29 participating nations at an opening ceremony in Lagos, Nigeria, Jan. 23, 2023., . ), 121.02 (2014 est. )wind: 8.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Here's how you know. The Judiciary, under Article III of the Constitution, explains and applies the laws. Parliamentary Rights of the Delegates and Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, "A brief overview of state fiscal conditions and the effects of federal policies on state budgets", Autonomous types of first-tier administration, Cabinet department / Office of the Prime Minister, Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States, Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_government_of_the_United_States&oldid=1132648606, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2010, Articles with MusicBrainz label identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Formal consultations with and reports from the, Senate advice and consent for presidential nominations and for treaties, Informal meetings between legislators and executive officials, Congressional membership: each state is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in the House of Representatives. The United States Government can be described in two ways. Many state constitution provisions are equal in breadth to those of the U.S. Constitution, but are considered "parallel" (thus, where, for example, the right to privacy pursuant to a state constitution is broader than the federal right to privacy, and the asserted ground is explicitly held to be "independent", the question can be finally decided in a State Supreme Courtthe U.S. Supreme Court will decline to take jurisdiction). Unitary governments concentrate almost all government power into a single national government, whereas confederal system disperse government power to regional or local governments. ), forest revenues: 0.04% of GDP (2018 est. In addition, there are government-owned corporations such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the National Railroad Passenger Corporation. Separate from, but not entirely independent of, this federal court system are the court systems of each state, each dealing with, in addition to federal law when not deemed preempted, a state's own laws, and having its own court rules and procedures. The Philippines is a unitary state with the President as both the head of state and the head of government. )note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP, -$846.354 billion (2021 est. Jones had pleaded guilty on May 10, 2022. Decentralization discussions may cross typical political divides, with the Taliban and current government elites agreeing on the need for centralization but disagreeing on who controls the center and a range of minorities and local powerholders favoring greater autonomy. Georgia sent four men, most notably University of Georgia founder Abraham Baldwin, who played a critical role in what came to be known as the "Great Compromise." There are also independent agencies such as the United States Postal Service (USPS), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). All State Governments are modeled after the Federal Government and consist of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The government of the Philippines is made up of three interdependent branches which are the legislative, the executive, and the judicial system. In addition to departments, a number of staff organizations are grouped into the Executive Office of the President. )$19.946 trillion (2020 est. Puerto Rico pays taxes. However, government centralization . The district courts can also hear cases under "removal jurisdiction", wherein a case brought in State court meets the requirements for diversity jurisdiction, and one party litigant chooses to "remove" the case from state court to federal court. A United States central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be a digital form of the U.S.. Dr. Dushyant Singh Dahiya is an ECFMG-certified Internal Medicine Resident at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, Michigan. )investment in fixed capital: 17.2% (2017 est. A brief treatment of the unitary state follows. )proven reserves: 13,178,780,000,000 cubic meters (2020 est. The three tiered structure of this act established the basic structure of the national judiciary: the Supreme Court, 13 courts of appeals, 94 district courts, and two courts of special jurisdiction. As first in the U.S. presidential line of succession, the vice president's duties and powers move to the executive branch when becoming president upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president, which has happened nine times in U.S. history. The Constitution also incorporates the English bars on dispensing or suspending the law, with some supposing that the Clause itself prohibits both. )note 1: the following countries and territories use the US dollar officially as their legal tender: British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Timor Leste, Turks and Caicos, and islands of the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)note 2: the following countries and territories use the US dollar as official legal tender alongside local currency: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panamanote 3: the following countries and territories widely accept the US dollar as a dominant currency but have yet to declare it as legal tender: Bermuda, Burma, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Somalia1 (2021 est. The man accused of killing a teenager in Palm Beach Gardens filed a motion for a trial procedure to prevent what his attorneys are calling ), 18.937 million New York-Newark, 12.534 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.937 million Chicago, 6.707 million Houston, 6.574 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.490 million WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female NA0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est. The Constitution: defines the relationship between the Federal Government and individual state governments. Tribal governments vary in robustness, from a simple council used to manage all aspects of tribal affairs, to large and complex bureaucracies with several branches of government. "[15] The president may also negotiate and sign treaties, but ratifying treaties requires the consent of two-thirds of the Senate. "[17] These appointments delegate "by legal authority a portion of the sovereign powers of the federal government. On the one hand, centralization is viewed as a danger to personal freedom; on the other hand, decentralization is viewed as fragmented an inefficient. )note:the US Census Bureau's 2020 census results show the US population as 331,449,281 as of 1 April 2020, White 61.6%, Black or African American 12.4%, Asian 6%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1.1%, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.2%, other 8.4%, two or more races 10.2% (2020 est. ), note 1: The Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA, claims to be the largest library in the world with more than 167 million items (as of 2018); its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include materials from all parts of the world and in over 450 languages; collections include: books, newspapers, magazines, sheet music, sound and video recordings, photographic images, artwork, architectural drawings, and copyright datanote 2: Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA, hosts one of four dedicated ground antennas that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system (the others are on Ascension (Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tistan da Cunha), Diego Garcia (British Indian Ocean Territory), and at Kwajalein (Marshall Islands), number of registered air carriers: 99 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 7,249annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 889.022 million (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 42,985,300,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 5,054over 3,047 m: 1892,438 to 3,047 m: 2351,524 to 2,437 m: 1,478914 to 1,523 m: 2,249under 914 m: 903 (2021), total: 8,459over 3,047 m: 12,438 to 3,047 m: 61,524 to 2,437 m: 140914 to 1,523 m: 1,552under 914 m: 6,760 (2021), 1,984,321 km natural gas, 240,711 km petroleum products (2013), total: 293,564.2 km (2014)standard gauge: 293,564.2 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge, total: 6,586,610 km (2012)paved: 4,304,715 km (2012) (includes 76,334 km of expressways)unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012), 41,009 km (2012) (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada), total: 3,627by type: bulk carrier 4, container ship 60, general cargo 103, oil tanker 69, other 3,391 (2021), major seaport(s): Atlantic Ocean: Charleston, Hampton Roads, New York/New Jersey, SavannahPacific Ocean: Long Beach, Los Angeles, Oakland, Seattle/TacomaGulf of Mexico: Houstonoil terminal(s): LOOP terminal, Haymark terminalcontainer port(s) (TEUs): Charleston (2,436,185), Hampton Roads (2,937,962), Houston (2,987,291), Long Beach (7,632,032), Los Angeles (9,337,632), New York/New Jersey (7,471,131), Oakland (2,500,431), Savannah (4,599,177), Seattle/Tacoma (3,775,303) (2019)LNG terminal(s) (export): Calcasieu Pass (LA), Cameron (LA), Corpus Christi (TX), Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Freeport (TX), Sabine Pass (LA)note - two additional export facilities are under construction and expected to begin commercial operations in 2023-2024LNG terminal(s) (import): Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX)river port(s): Baton Rouge, Plaquemines, New Orleans (Mississippi River)cargo ports: Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines (LA), Tampa, Texas Citycruise departure ports (passengers): Miami, Port Everglades, Port Canaveral, Seattle, Long Beach, the US operates one PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreaker, two PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers; the heavy and medium icebreakers carry out various polar missions including opening passage for the annual resupply of McMurdo Station in Antarcticanote - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm), United States Armed Forces (aka US Military): US Army (USA), US Navy (USN; includes US Marine Corps or USMC), US Air Force (USAF), US Space Force (USSF); US Coast Guard (USCG); National Guard (Army National Guard and Air National Guard) (2022)note 1: the US Coast Guard is administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navynote 2:the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard are reserve components of their services and operate in part under state authority; the US military also maintains reserve forces for each branch (US Army Reserve, US Navy Reserve, US Air Force Reserve, and US Coast Guard Reserve), 3.5% of GDP (2022 est. 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